5 , 189 (2016) Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 31330019 (Z.-J.L.), 31500593 (G.S.), 81373463 and 81573479 (D.Y.), the National Health and Family Planning Commission grants 2012ZX09304-011, 2013ZX09401003-005, 2013ZX09507001 and 2013ZX09507-002 (M.-W.W.), Shanghai Science and Technology Development Fund 15DZ2291600 (M.-W.W.), and Ministry of Science and Technology of China grants 2014CB910400 (Z.-J.L.) and 2015CB910104 (Z.-J.L.), the Netherlands eScience Center (NLeSC)/NWO Enabling Technologies project: 3D-e-Chem, grant 027.014.201 (C.d.G.), the European Cooperation in Science and Technology Action CM1207 GLISTEN (C.d.G.), and National Key Research and Development Program of China 2016YCF0905902 (S.Z.)
Some patients may see improvements in blood sugar within weeks, but full benefits can take several months
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In vitro digestion models and artificial gut systems have clarified how MPs influence microbiota composition